December Units 2016 2015 2014 Mineral Resource parameters Mineral Resource gold price US$/oz 1,400 1500 1,500 US$/A$ 0.76 0.86 0.96 A$/oz 1,850 1750 1,570 Cut-off for underground g/t 2.4 - 3.7 2.7 - 3.3 2.8 - 4.8 Mineral Reserve parameters Mineral Reserve gold price Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Average NPVs (M$) across 15 simulated grade-tonnage curves as a result of sensitivity analysis of different economic and operational parameters. The risk quantification in grade-tonnage curves is critical for capital investment in mining projects. International mining software company MineRP worked on a spin-off of a SAP HANA POC and come up with a unique invention patented as a system and method for mineral asset management, accounting and analysis. Grade/Tonnage Curves and Optimization of a Mining Project. Table I below summarises the Adumbi indicated and inferred mineral resources based on in-situ block cut-off grade at a 0.52 g/t Au for Oxide, 0.57 g/t Au for Transition and 0.63 g/t Au for Fresh. Grade and Tonnage Uncertainty Analysis of an African Copper Deposit Using Multiple-Point Geostatistics and Sequential Gaussian Simulation . This results in a potential range of size and grade for the deposit based on the current information. It is an unconstrained grade tonnage curve which, although very common, it is based in an assumption that can hardly be considered realistic especially in underground mining methods. Assessing risk in grade-tonnage curves in a complex copper deposit, northern Brazil, based on an efficient joint simulation of multiple correlated variables In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied for decades now in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. Ordinary kriging provides direct control on the smoothing; a small number of data in the search will lead to a histogram of estimates with little smoothing. The idea of "the curve" goes back to a bell curve. Tonnages - definition of tonnages by The Free Dictionary. The traditional grade tonnage curve does not take into consideration continuity which is an important aspect in mining. the distribution of estimated block grades. One should be reminded that grade tonnage curves provide a global and statistical appreciation of what the ore deposit could deliver in an ideal circumstance. GradeTonnageCurve_HowFarCanItBeReliedUpon - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Grade-Tonnage curves are a visual representation of the impact of cut-off grades on mineral reserves. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 11; Publisher: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology or. It must be kept in mind that the tonnage/grade curve is generated by a simple mathematical summation of the tonnes and in-situ grades of the resource blocks within the block model. Main Menu; by School; by Literature Title; by Subject; Textbook Solutions Expert Tutors Earn. In a typical class, professors can expect a majority of grades to fall near the class average, with a smaller number of A grades and failing grades. It has been applied in financial analysis of the ore bodies providing an indication of the proportions (tonnages) and the grade at a range of different cut-off grades. Support for expressions to query data your way, and filter on what is relevant. The curve does regard that all blocks can be mined and gives no hint about the cohesiveness of the mineralization in face of variations in the Grade tonnage curves are usually built using kriged block models. Email. Rules such as the 500-meter rule used here are essential to an internally consistent assessment system where the estimated number of undiscovered deposits is consistent with the grade and tonnage model. Grade Tonnage Curve analysis Design of Mining perimeters. Writing of weekly and monthly reports . other than manually taking a shell and doing a grade-tonnage curve within it. However, once presented, the results are hardly. The grade tonnage curve is usually . . 1 Pre-tax, based on a gold price of $1,650/oz 2 Mineral Resources use a gold price of $1,950/oz. The model was used to create cumulative grade-tonnage curves, representing 1,778 million metric tons (Mt) of mineable copper. Project Grade-Tonnage Curve Figure 3. Certainly one can lower the cutoff grade, lower the head grade and produce fewer ounces of gold. 12 - GRADE-TONNAGE CURVES Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 August 2009 Alastair J. Sinclair and Garston H. Blackwell Chapter Get access Summary A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Creation of customised reports including grade tonnage curves. Given the smoothing metric tons. The data and variogram are the same for both grade tonnage curves, only the support has changed. The upside being an extension in the mine life. Study Resources. grade-tonnage curves, aiding decision makers to make well-informed decisions at the pre- . Fig. Until the mid-2000s, a typical copper grade was 0.4%, meaning everything to the left of the dashed line was considered waste rock. Abstract In order to develop long-term scenarios of copper supply and demand, a grade-tonnage density function model was developed for four major copper ore types. Pit by Pit Graph at 26Mt per year Figure 6. Family of curves showing gross revenue of US $50 X 106 to 1000 X 106 over a life-of-mine for deposits containing up to 30 X 106 t ore and less than 2 kg/t U308. Hit Enter and configure the parameters in the window: Select the grade type Input a density Input a minimum cut-off grade (based on the statistics report) Input a maximum cut-off grade (based on the statistics report) 2 1. So according to this data, we could calculate the deposit based on different cut-off grades. To report tonnage, the tonnes from implicit modelling can be combined with grade-tonnage curves from support analysis. Analysis of komatiitic deposits from four regions revealed significant differences in grade and tonnage between regions. Each CI is defined by its lower and upper bounds. Engineered with efficiency in mind, the . grade-tonnage curve: use and misuse in ore-reserve estimation author david m ec. 7.5m blocks yield 52% of the total tonnage above cutoff at a grade of 0.310% Cu while 15m blocks yield 56% of total tonnage above cutoff at a grade of 0.289% Cu. A grade tonnage curve combines two or three equations together to produce one of the more important tools for analysing the data indicating the potential amount of material obtained when varying the cut-off grade applied. AssessRiskInGrade-TonCurve - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Grades and Curves in the Simulation Section: Pentes et courbes dans la zone couverte par la simulation: Mineralized wireframes were interpreted and used to constrain grade interpolation by ordinary kriging with validation by inverse distance and change-of-support adjusted grade-tonnage curves. 0.2 kg/t, and the minimum tonnage requirement about 3 X 106 t. Figure 3 illustrates that for a gross . Perhaps running multiple optimizations at different base case prices may . The CIs are not symmetric around the mean curve. In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a grade-tonnage curve, we must be able to define clearly the relationships existing between estimates and the corresponding true values. The Kiniero Gold Project has been evaluated on a discounted cash flow basis. Project Cut-off Grade Equation and Calculation.. End of month Reconciliation Prepares Grade control Drilling Budgets. Grade tonnage curve As the final size of a mineral deposit is defined by its grade and tonnage, a grade tonnage curve chart has been added to Micromine 2020 to visually maps and depict this end stage. Many translated example sentences containing "grade-tonnage curve" - Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations. Figure 5. able The benefit of this is that the grade tonnage curve for relatively small from GEOLOGY 213 at Middle East Technical University No. Get Price. Pit by Pit Graph at 33Mt per year Figure 8. The Grade Tonnage Curve feature produces a chart that displays the average grade versus tonnage, allowing geologists to quickly understand the effect of mining at different cutoff grades. Base Case Definition Flowsheet. From geology and mining planning to management and investment areas they are used for economic and financial analysis . Dynamic visualisation of single or multiple planes through Advanced reserve reporting with ability to break down by Support for a large number of blocks with options to add, delete or modify variables in real time. 4. The grade-tonnage curve output by change of support represents change as a proportion, not actual tonnes. or reset password. Pit by Pit Graph at 30Mt per year Figure 7. As the cutoff increases, the tonnage decreases. Type Chapter Information In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools used in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. ORE RESERVES (xlO6) FIG. In essence, periods when supply is low (or demand is high) may not be the right time to further cut supply by lowering head grades. Password. One should be reminded that grade tonnage curves provide a global and statistical appreciation of what the ore deposit could deliver in an ideal circumstance. Remember me on this computer. Drawing grade-tonnage curves needs to finding the tonnage of different grades. Generally, professors aim for an average grade in the C to B range . Figure 4. The grade tonnage curve is usually calculated . Multivariate histogram polytech., montreal, can. The Grade Tonnage Curves display the tonnage above the cut-off grade and average grade of a deposit relative to cut-off grade. Introduction The grade tonnage curve is widely used in the mining industry. Deposit grade and tonnage have a significant inverse cor relation. Efficiently and effectively communicate findings with dynamic charts and plots, including grade contouring, a flexible plotting environment, drillhole logs, scatterplots, histograms and special chart presentation layout mode, specifically designed for use in reports. In the mining industry, from the geology and mine planning areas to management, the grade tonnage curve has been applied in economic and financial analysis probably being one of the most important tools used in determining the volume and grade of material in face of variations of the cut-off grade. ; Grade Tonnage Curve: How Far Can It Be Relied Upon? The grade tonnage curve is usually calculated with the in-situ resources or reserves and shows . Close Log In. View Lectura 11 - Risk in grade tonnage curves.pdf from AA 1HOME A Geology-Based Joint Conditional Simulation of a Lateritic Nickel Deposit - Quantification of Risk in Grade Tonnage Curves and. This leads to study in details the following distributions: the in situ distribution of true block grades. The sensitivity analysis applied to the grade-tonnage relationship in mining projects is a recognized stage in all existing quality standards. ming metallurgy, bull., trans. Best practice for interim estimates is to use a restricted search with ordinary kriging to compute estimates that closely matches the anticipated grade tonnage curve (Parker, 1979). The results of the . Select the "Grade-Tonnage curve" (EDAGTC) command and select the block model (note that this command only works with block models). The tonnage and grade of a second type of sulfide deposit, which is associated with small orogenic intrusions, were also found to be lognor . The pit optimization analysis does yield a fair bit of information about the ore body configuration, the vertical grade distribution, and addresses how all of that impacts on the pit size. Once complete, this report can be used in externally in other software applications. in addition, a cumulative-percent tonnage metal curve and a cumulative-percent tonnage ore curve are plotted on the same graph to show the relationship of ore to metal in the deposits.although lasky found that an inverse relationship exists for ore tonnage and grade within porphyry deposits, this does not appear to be true for metal tonnage and The 500-meter rule was developed to insure that deposits in grade and tonnage models correspond to deposits as geologic entities. Table 4-9. To get ac. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. Mining 90. ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Complex loop diagram of factors influencing cut-off . Grading on a curve means adjusting student scores after an assignment. Since its beginning, with the works of D. Krige and later, G. Matheron, geostatistics has been analyzing in detail the essential factors at play in ore reserves estimation problems, with the ever-present aim of an optimal use of the available information. Break Even Analysis, Before I can calculate the cut off grade, I first need to show a basic equation which converts a troy ounce into grams per ton: 1 troy ounce = 311034768 grams per ton = 28349523125 grams per . Porphyry copper-grade tonnage curve In the graph above, assume a hypothetical deposit of 1 billion tonnes grading 0.5% copper. Leapfrog Geo can display multiple grade tonnage curves on one graph. The 0.175% Cu cutoff grade is below the mean in this example. Predicted grade tonnage curve allows you to quickly generate grade tonnage curves at any given block size without the need to import a block model. It has been applied in financial analysis of the ore bodies providing an indication of the proportions (tonnages) and the grade at a range of different cut-off grades. methods of calculating tonnage in miningHome / methods of calculating tonnage in mining. lacking. To find the tonnage of each block, the specific gravity of ore and core recovery percent is required. Inverse distance grade estimation. In book: An analysis of Nevada's metal-bearing mineral resources (pp.Chapter 11, p. 11.1-11.18) Chapter: Grade and tonnage models, Ch. By 2014, the cut-off grade is reduced to 0.25%. 8 shows the grade-tonnage curve of Choghart north anomaly iron ore . The lower U 3 0 8 grade limit is now about 144 TOENS . Geostatistical simulations for orebodies can be used to obtain grade-tonnage curves, and determine uncertainty and risk assessments. Using these curves, ten CIs (95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%) are generated to quantify uncertainty on the predicted mean tonnage curve. source instit. Now this is the point where the grade-tonnage curve comes into play. The traditional grade tonnage curve represents an optimistic scenario since it considers that all tonnage above one cutoff is available to be mined. Applying these in multi-element deposits can be a difficult practice, as the related attributes using the traditional co-simulation approaches require intensive . Literature Title ; by Literature Title ; by Literature Title ; by Literature Title ; by Subject ; Solutions Across 15 simulated grade-tonnage curves, and the minimum tonnage requirement about 3 X t. The mean curve //anyflip.com/dkcn/jrnz/basic '' > How Does Grading on a curve Work signed up with and we & x27 Smoothing < a href= '' https: //kuchling.com/44-higher-metal-prices-should-we-lower-the-cut-off-grade/ '' > How Does Grading a. 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